Do it now!

1. Tab : 자동 완성

2. Shift + Tab : 함수의 설명을 보여준다 (Docstring)

3. ESC (명령어 모드) 에서 Shfit + L : 줄번호를 보여준다

4. ESC (명령어 모드) 에서 D, D : 해당 셀을 삭제 한다

5. ESC (명령어 모드) 에서 A : 해당 셀 아래에 새로운 행을 추가한다

6. Ctrl + Enter : 해당 셀을 실행한다

7. Alt + Enter :  해당 셀을 실행하고 아래에 새로운 셀을 추가한다

8. Shift + Enter : 해당 셀을 실행하고 아래 셀로 이동한다. 만약 아래 셀이 없으면 새로운 셀을 추가한다.

Python으로 작성한 SQL문에서 대량의 insert를 수행시 느려지는 문제가 있어서, 

DB전문가에게 문의를 하니, 간단히 답을 알려 주셨다.

해결책은 "BEGIN TRANSACTION"을 사용하면 되는 것이었다.

이 한줄을 넣고 나니, 10배 이상 속도가 빨라졌다;;

[기존코드]

    def insert(self, data):
        insert_memo_sql = '''INSERT INTO minim(title, memo) VALUES(?, ?);'''
        try:
            cur = self.db_conn.cursor()
            cur.execute(insert_memo_sql, (data[0], data[1]))
            self.db_conn.commit()
            print(cur.lastrowid)
            return cur.lastrowid
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            print(e)
        return -1

[개선코드]

    def insert_bigdata(self, big_data):
        insert_memo_sql = '''INSERT INTO minim(title, memo) VALUES(?, ?);'''
        try:
            cur = self.db_conn.cursor()
            cur.execute("BEGIN TRANSACTION")
            for data in big_data:
                cur.execute(insert_memo_sql, (data[0], data[1]))
            self.db_conn.commit()
            print(cur.lastrowid)
            return cur.lastrowid
        except sqlite3.Error as e:
            print(e)
            self.db_conn.rollback()  # rollback the transaction if there's any error
        return -1

import math
import pygame


def init_game():
    pygame.init()
    pygame.key.set_repeat(0)
    canvas = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    fps_clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    return canvas, fps_clock


def main():
    canvas, fps_clock = init_game()

    title = 'Cardioid'
    pygame.display.set_caption(title)
    max_dots = 300

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                return

        draw_cardioid(canvas, max_dots)
        pygame.display.update()
        fps_clock.tick(30)


def draw_cardioid(canvas, max_dots):

    canvas.fill((0, 0, 0))
    start_x = canvas.get_width() // 2
    start_y = canvas.get_height() // 2
    radius = 250

    for i in range(max_dots):
        radian = (math.pi / 180) * (360 / max_dots) * i
        sx = start_x + int(math.cos(radian) * radius)
        sy = start_y + int(math.sin(radian) * radius)

        ex = start_x + int(math.cos(radian * 2) * radius)
        ey = start_y + int(math.sin(radian * 2) * radius)

        pygame.draw.line(canvas, (0, 255, 0), (sx, sy), (ex, ey))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

import sys

from PIL import Image


def convert_png_to_ico(png_path, ico_path, size=128):
    icon_size = (size, size)
    img = Image.open(png_path)
    img = img.resize(size=icon_size)
    img.save(ico_path)


def print_icon_file_info(ico_path):
    ico_image = Image.open(ico_path)
    print(f"Image type: {ico_image.format}\nSize: {ico_image.size}")


def main(source_file, target_file, icon_size=128):
    allowed_icon_size = (16, 32, 64, 128, 256)
    if icon_size not in allowed_icon_size:
        print("Error: Invalid icon size.\nAllowed size = 16, 32, 64, 128, 56\n")
        return

    convert_png_to_ico(source_file, target_file, size=icon_size)
    print_icon_file_info(target_file)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) == 3:
        main(sys.argv[1], f"{sys.argv[1]}.ico", int(sys.argv[2]))
    elif len(sys.argv) == 2:
        main(sys.argv[1], f"{sys.argv[1]}.ico")
    else:
        print("Usage: ImageFileName [size]\n")

오래 전, 라떼 시절 만들었던 파이썬 코드를  Chat GPT를 이용하여 개선해 보았다.

Python 2.X 시절 만든 코드를 3.X로 바꾸면서 저장 기능 까지 추가 하였다.

[원본 코드]

https://chobocho.tistory.com/2460823

[개선 코드]

from tkinter import *
import math
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

RADIAN = math.pi / 180


def random_color():
    r = random.randint(0, 255)
    g = random.randint(0, 255)
    b = random.randint(0, 255)
    return r, g, b


def draw_tree(start_x, start_y, angle, length, depth, image_draw=None):
    if depth == 0:
        return

    scale = int(depth/12) + 1
    end_x = start_x + length * scale * math.cos(angle * RADIAN)
    end_y = start_y - length * scale * math.sin(angle * RADIAN)

    image_draw.line([start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y], width=depth, fill=random_color())

    draw_tree(end_x, end_y, angle + random.randint(10, 30), length * random.uniform(0.8, 0.9), depth - 1, image_draw)
    draw_tree(end_x, end_y, angle - random.randint(10, 30), length * random.uniform(0.8, 0.9), depth - 1, image_draw)


def draw_new_tree():
    myCanvas.delete("all")  # Clear the canvas

    image = Image.new("RGB", (800, 600), "white")
    image_draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
    draw_tree(400, 550, 90, 70, 12, image_draw)
    image.save("fractal_tree.png", "PNG")  # Save the image as PNG

    photo = PhotoImage(file="fractal_tree.png")
    myCanvas.create_image(0, 0, image=photo, anchor=NW)
    myCanvas.photo = photo


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = Tk()
    root.title("프랙탈 나무")
    root.geometry("800x600")

    myCanvas = Canvas(width=800, height=600)

    draw_button = Button(text="새로운 나무 그리기", command=draw_new_tree)
    draw_button.pack()

    myCanvas.pack()
    root.mainloop()

파이썬 소스 코드를 빌드해서 python.exe  를 만들어 보자

1. 빌드 환경 구성

• Visusal Studio를 설치한다
• Python 3.10버전을 설치한다

2. 파이썬 소스를 다운 받는다 (우리는 3.11을 사용한다)

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.5/Python-3.11.5.tgz

3. 적당한 폴더에 압축을 푼다

4. 설치경로\PCbuild\build.bat 를 실행한다

5. 잠시 뒤 

설치경로\PCbuild\amd64\python.exe 가 생성 됨을 볼수있다.

■  HTTP 1.0 RFC
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1945

■  HTTP 1.1 RFC
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2616

■ 메시지 포멧
□ Request
Request-Line = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF

□ 예시1
GET /user/chobocho27 HTTP/1.1

□ 예시2
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:5000
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Sec-Ch-Ua: "Not/A)Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="115", "Chromium";v="115"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile: ?0
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform: "Windows"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/115.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
Sec-Fetch-Site: none
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ko-KR,ko;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7

□ Response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

1. Python 3.10.6 설치 

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3106/

2.  Git 설치

https://git-scm.com/downloads

3. Stable diffusion webui 설치

https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui.git

git clone https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui

4. 모델 다운로드

https://civitai.com/

https://huggingface.co/WarriorMama777/OrangeMixs

모델을 다운 받아서, \stable-diffusion-webui\models\Stable-diffusion 에 넣어 준다.

확장자가 .safetensors 인 것을 받는 걸 추천 한다.

5. 실행

webui-user.bat 를 수행한다. (첫 실행시 이것 저것 설치한다고 시간이 걸린다.)

6. http://127.0.0.1:7860/ 로 웹 브라우저로 접속 하면 된다.

1. 아래 사이트에서  설치해야 하는 PyTorch 버전 체크

https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/

2. Command를 복사하여 실행한다.

pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu117

3.  Python을 실행하여 확인 한다.

2부에 이어서, 3부를 시작 합니다.

8. 이제 생성된 코드를 리팩토링 해달라고 부탁 합니다.

from enum import Enum

class Command(Enum):
    PUSH = 'PUSH'
    POP = 'POP'
    ADD = 'ADD'
    SUB = 'SUB'
    MUL = 'MUL'
    DIV = 'DIV'
    MOD = 'MOD'
    DUP = 'DUP'
    SWAP = 'SWAP'
    JMP = 'JMP'
    JG = 'JG'
    JL = 'JL'
    JZ = 'JZ'
    JNZ = 'JNZ'
    CMP = 'CMP'
    MOV = 'MOV'
    NOP = 'NOP'
    HALT = 'HALT'


class StackMachine:
    """
    PUSH <value>: Push a value onto the stack. e.g., PUSH 10
    POP: Remove and return the top value from the stack.
    ADD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their sum, and push the result onto the stack.
    SUB: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their difference, and push the result onto the stack.
    MUL: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their product, and push the result onto the stack.
    DIV: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their division, and push the result onto the stack.
    MOD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their remainder, and push the result onto the stack.
    DUP: Copy the top value from the stack and push it onto the stack.
    SWAP: Swap the top two values on the stack.
    JMP <label>: Move program execution to the given label. e.g., JMP LOOP
    JG <label>: If the top value on the stack is greater than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JL <label>: If the top value on the stack is less than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JNZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is not 0, move program execution to the given label.
    CMP: Compare the top two values on the stack and push the result onto the stack.
    (-1: First value is smaller, 0: Both values are equal, 1: First value is larger)
    MOV <register>: Move the top value from the stack to the specified register (AX, BX, CX, or DX).
    NOP: Perform no operation. This command is ignored in the program.
    HALT: Stop program execution.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []
        self.program = []
        self.labels = {}
        self.registers = {'AX': 0, 'BX': 0, 'CX': 0, 'DX': 0}
        self.instruction_pointer = 0

    def load_program(self, program):
        self.program = program
        self.labels = {line[:-1]: i for i, line in enumerate(program) if line.endswith(':')}

    def parse_command(self, command_string):
        command, *args = command_string.split()
        if command not in Command.__members__:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid command: {command}")
        return Command[command], args

    def execute_command(self, command, args):
        if command == Command.PUSH:
            value = int(args[0]) if 'X' not in args[0] else self.registers[args[0]]
            self.stack.append(value)
        elif command == Command.POP:
            self.stack.pop()
        elif command == Command.ADD:
            self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() + self.stack.pop())
        elif command == Command.SUB:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a - b)
        elif command == Command.MUL:
            self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() * self.stack.pop())
        elif command == Command.DIV:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a // b)
        elif command == Command.MOD:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a % b)
        elif command == Command.DUP:
            self.stack.append(self.stack[-1])
        elif command == Command.SWAP:
            self.stack[-1], self.stack[-2] = self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1]
        elif command == Command.JMP:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
            return
        elif command == Command.JG:
            if self.stack.pop() == 1:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JL:
            if self.stack.pop() == -1:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JZ:
            if self.stack.pop() == 0:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JNZ:
            if self.stack.pop() != 0:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.CMP:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append((a > b) - (a < b))
        elif command == Command.MOV:
            self.registers[args[0]] = self.stack[-1]
        elif command == Command.NOP:
            pass
        elif command == Command.HALT:
            return
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown command: {command}")

        self.instruction_pointer += 1

    def run(self):
        for _ in range(20000):
            if self.instruction_pointer >= len(self.program):
                break
            command_string = self.program[self.instruction_pointer]
            command, args = self.parse_command(command_string)
            self.execute_command(command, args)

생성된 코드를 돌려보면, 역시 안됩니다. 

디버깅 하면, Label 처리가 안되었을 알 수 있습니다. 

9. Label 처리를  위한 코드를 손으로 추가 하여 수정 합니다.

from enum import Enum


class Command(Enum):
    PUSH = 'PUSH'
    POP = 'POP'
    ADD = 'ADD'
    SUB = 'SUB'
    MUL = 'MUL'
    DIV = 'DIV'
    MOD = 'MOD'
    DUP = 'DUP'
    SWAP = 'SWAP'
    JMP = 'JMP'
    JG = 'JG'
    JL = 'JL'
    JZ = 'JZ'
    JNZ = 'JNZ'
    CMP = 'CMP'
    MOV = 'MOV'
    NOP = 'NOP'
    HALT = 'HALT'
    LABEL = 'LABEL'


class StackMachine:
    """
    PUSH <value>: Push a value onto the stack. e.g., PUSH 10
    POP: Remove and return the top value from the stack.
    ADD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their sum, and push the result onto the stack.
    SUB: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their difference, and push the result onto the stack.
    MUL: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their product, and push the result onto the stack.
    DIV: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their division, and push the result onto the stack.
    MOD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their remainder, and push the result onto the stack.
    DUP: Copy the top value from the stack and push it onto the stack.
    SWAP: Swap the top two values on the stack.
    JMP <label>: Move program execution to the given label. e.g., JMP LOOP
    JG <label>: If the top value on the stack is greater than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JL <label>: If the top value on the stack is less than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JNZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is not 0, move program execution to the given label.
    CMP: Compare the top two values on the stack and push the result onto the stack.
    (-1: First value is smaller, 0: Both values are equal, 1: First value is larger)
    MOV <register>: Move the top value from the stack to the specified register (AX, BX, CX, or DX).
    NOP: Perform no operation. This command is ignored in the program.
    HALT: Stop program execution.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []
        self.program = []
        self.labels = {}
        self.registers = {'AX': 0, 'BX': 0, 'CX': 0, 'DX': 0}
        self.instruction_pointer = 0

    def load_program(self, program):
        self.program = program
        self.labels = {line[:-1]: i for i, line in enumerate(program) if line.endswith(':')}

    def parse_command(self, command_string):
        command, *args = command_string.split()
        if command not in Command.__members__:
            if ':' in command:
                return Command['LABEL'], args
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown command: {command}")
        return Command[command], args

    def execute_command(self, command, args):
        if command == Command.PUSH:
            value = int(args[0]) if 'X' not in args[0] else self.registers[args[0]]
            self.stack.append(value)
        elif command == Command.POP:
            self.stack.pop()
        elif command == Command.ADD:
            self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() + self.stack.pop())
        elif command == Command.SUB:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a - b)
        elif command == Command.MUL:
            self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() * self.stack.pop())
        elif command == Command.DIV:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a // b)
        elif command == Command.MOD:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append(a % b)
        elif command == Command.DUP:
            self.stack.append(self.stack[-1])
        elif command == Command.SWAP:
            self.stack[-1], self.stack[-2] = self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1]
        elif command == Command.JMP:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
            return
        elif command == Command.JG:
            if self.stack.pop() == 1:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JL:
            if self.stack.pop() == -1:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JZ:
            if self.stack.pop() == 0:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.JNZ:
            if self.stack.pop() != 0:
                self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]
                return
        elif command == Command.CMP:
            b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
            self.stack.append((a > b) - (a < b))
        elif command == Command.MOV:
            self.registers[args[0]] = self.stack[-1]
        elif command == Command.NOP:
            pass
        elif command == Command.HALT:
            return
        elif command == Command.LABEL:
            pass
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown command: {command}")

        self.instruction_pointer += 1

    def run(self):
        for _ in range(20000):
            if self.instruction_pointer >= len(self.program):
                break
            command_string = self.program[self.instruction_pointer]
            command, args = self.parse_command(command_string)
            self.execute_command(command, args)

10.  execute_command() 함수 안의 수 많은 if - else 조합을 없애기 위해서 약간 코드를 고칩니다.

    def command_push(self, args):
        value = int(args[0]) if 'X' not in args[0] else self.registers[args[0]]
        self.stack.append(value)

    def command_pop(self, args):
        self.stack.pop()

위와 같이 함수를 2개 추가하고, 코드를 약간 고쳐 줍니다.

11. 수정 된 코드를 넣고, 리팩토링을 부탁합니다.

from enum import Enum


class Command(Enum):
    PUSH = 'PUSH'
    POP = 'POP'
    ADD = 'ADD'
    SUB = 'SUB'
    MUL = 'MUL'
    DIV = 'DIV'
    MOD = 'MOD'
    DUP = 'DUP'
    SWAP = 'SWAP'
    JMP = 'JMP'
    JG = 'JG'
    JL = 'JL'
    JZ = 'JZ'
    JNZ = 'JNZ'
    CMP = 'CMP'
    MOV = 'MOV'
    NOP = 'NOP'
    HALT = 'HALT'
    LABEL = 'LABEL'


class StackMachine:
    """
    PUSH <value>: Push a value onto the stack. e.g., PUSH 10
    POP: Remove and return the top value from the stack.
    ADD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their sum, and push the result onto the stack.
    SUB: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their difference, and push the result onto the stack.
    MUL: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their product, and push the result onto the stack.
    DIV: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their division, and push the result onto the stack.
    MOD: Remove the top two values from the stack, calculate their remainder, and push the result onto the stack.
    DUP: Copy the top value from the stack and push it onto the stack.
    SWAP: Swap the top two values on the stack.
    JMP <label>: Move program execution to the given label. e.g., JMP LOOP
    JG <label>: If the top value on the stack is greater than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JL <label>: If the top value on the stack is less than 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is 0, move program execution to the given label.
    JNZ <label>: If the top value on the stack is not 0, move program execution to the given label.
    CMP: Compare the top two values on the stack and push the result onto the stack.
    (-1: First value is smaller, 0: Both values are equal, 1: First value is larger)
    MOV <register>: Move the top value from the stack to the specified register (AX, BX, CX, or DX).
    NOP: Perform no operation. This command is ignored in the program.
    HALT: Stop program execution.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []
        self.program = []
        self.labels = {}
        self.registers = {'AX': 0, 'BX': 0, 'CX': 0, 'DX': 0}
        self.command_list = {}
        self.instruction_pointer = 0
        self._init_command_list()

    def _init_command_list(self):
        self.command_list[Command.PUSH] = self.command_push
        self.command_list[Command.POP] = self.command_pop
        self.command_list[Command.ADD] = self.command_add
        self.command_list[Command.SUB] = self.command_sub
        self.command_list[Command.MUL] = self.command_mul
        self.command_list[Command.DIV] = self.command_div
        self.command_list[Command.MOD] = self.command_mod
        self.command_list[Command.DUP] = self.command_dup
        self.command_list[Command.SWAP] = self.command_swap
        self.command_list[Command.JMP] = self.command_jmp
        self.command_list[Command.JG] = self.command_jg
        self.command_list[Command.JL] = self.command_jl
        self.command_list[Command.JZ] = self.command_jz
        self.command_list[Command.JNZ] = self.command_jnz
        self.command_list[Command.CMP] = self.command_cmp
        self.command_list[Command.MOV] = self.command_mov
        self.command_list[Command.NOP] = self.command_nop
        self.command_list[Command.HALT] = self.command_halt
        self.command_list[Command.LABEL] = self.command_label

    def load_program(self, program):
        self.program = program
        self.labels = {line[:-1]: i for i, line in enumerate(program) if line.endswith(':')}

    def parse_command(self, command_string):
        command, *args = command_string.split()
        if command not in Command.__members__:
            if ':' in command:
                return Command['LABEL'], args
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown command: {command}")
        return Command[command], args

    def execute_command(self, command, args):
        if command in self.command_list:
            self.command_list[command](args)
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown command: {command}")

        self.instruction_pointer += 1

    def command_push(self, args):
        value = int(args[0]) if 'X' not in args[0] else self.registers[args[0]]
        self.stack.append(value)

    def command_pop(self, args):
        self.stack.pop()

    def command_add(self, args):
        self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() + self.stack.pop())

    def command_sub(self, args):
        b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
        self.stack.append(a - b)

    def command_mul(self, args):
        self.stack.append(self.stack.pop() * self.stack.pop())

    def command_div(self, args):
        b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
        self.stack.append(a // b)

    def command_mod(self, args):
        b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
        self.stack.append(a % b)

    def command_dup(self, args):
        self.stack.append(self.stack[-1])

    def command_swap(self, args):
        self.stack[-1], self.stack[-2] = self.stack[-2], self.stack[-1]

    def command_jmp(self, args):
        self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]

    def command_jg(self, args):
        if self.stack.pop() == 1:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]

    def command_jl(self, args):
        if self.stack.pop() == -1:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]

    def command_jz(self, args):
        if self.stack.pop() == 0:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]

    def command_jnz(self, args):
        if self.stack.pop() != 0:
            self.instruction_pointer = self.labels[args[0]]

    def command_cmp(self, args):
        b, a = self.stack.pop(), self.stack.pop()
        self.stack.append((a > b) - (a < b))

    def command_mov(self, args):
        self.registers[args[0]] = self.stack[-1]

    def command_nop(self, args):
        pass

    def command_halt(self, args):
        pass

    def command_label(self, args):
        pass

    def run(self):
        for _ in range(20000):
            if self.instruction_pointer >= len(self.program):
                break
            command_string = self.program[self.instruction_pointer]
            command, args = self.parse_command(command_string)
            self.execute_command(command, args)

위와 같이 아름답게 코드를 고쳐 주십니다.

그래서 나온 최종 버전은 아래에 있습니다.

https://github.com/chobocho/simple_vm

결론: 

1) 웬만하면 구글링 해서 open source 를 쓰자.

2) ChatGPT-4도 완전한 코드를 짜주지는 않는다 (디버깅은 필수)